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The amount of cholesterol carried inside HDL particles in the blood.

The amount of cholesterol carried inside LDL particles, rather than the number of particles.

Fats circulating in the blood that store energy from food the body does not immediately use.

A protein carried by certain cholesterol-carrying particles; its amount reflects their total number.

The combined amount of cholesterol carried by the major blood lipoprotein groups.

Cholesterol attributed to VLDL particles, estimated or measured depending on the laboratory method.

Calculated ratio of triglycerides to HDL cholesterol measured in the same blood sample.

Calculated ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol, using measurements in the same units.

A major protein in HDL particles, sometimes compared with ApoB in cholesterol-related assessments.

Cholesterol attributed to VLDL particles, estimated or measured depending on the laboratory method.

Calculated comparison of LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol, using amounts in the same units.

A calculated comparison of LDL cholesterol and ApoB, not a direct measurement of LDL particle size.

Calculated comparison of ApoB and ApoA1 protein amounts, rather than a literal particle-count ratio.

The amount of Lp(a), a cholesterol-carrying particle whose concentration is largely inherited.

Percentage of hemoglobin with sugar attached, reflecting average blood sugar over roughly two to three months.

A substance released alongside insulin that helps assess the body's own insulin production.

An estimate of average blood sugar calculated from HbA1c, rather than measured directly.

A pituitary hormone that supports development of eggs in the ovaries and production of sperm.

The main estrogen during the reproductive years, produced primarily by the ovaries.

All testosterone circulating in blood, including protein-bound and unbound forms.

An adrenal hormone the body uses to make testosterone and estrogen.

A pituitary hormone involved in ovulation and sex-hormone production in the ovaries and testes.

A protein made mainly by the liver that carries testosterone, estradiol and other sex hormones in blood.

The portion of testosterone circulating without being attached to blood proteins.

Calculated

An adrenal hormone involved in stress response, metabolism, blood pressure and inflammation.

A calculated comparison of testosterone and cortisol concentrations, whose numerical scale depends on the units.

Calculated comparison of cortisol and DHEA-S, two adrenal hormones whose levels change differently.

A pituitary hormone involved in milk production and reproductive regulation.

An estimate of testosterone exposure, calculated from total testosterone and its binding protein, SHBG.

The portion of testosterone circulating without being attached to blood proteins.

A calculated comparison of two reproductive hormones, LH and FSH, from the same collection.

A hormone produced after ovulation and during pregnancy, measured at a particular point in time.

A pituitary hormone that signals the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.

The portion of thyroid hormone T3 circulating unbound to blood proteins.

The unbound portion of T4 thyroid hormone available to tissues, commonly considered alongside TSH.

Antibodies against an enzyme the thyroid uses to make thyroid hormones.

Antibodies that recognize thyroglobulin; they can also interfere with measurements of thyroglobulin itself.

A calculated comparison of TSH and free T4 from the same sample; its value depends on units.

A calculated comparison of free T3 and free T4 thyroid hormones from the same blood sample.

The main circulating form of vitamin D, reflecting vitamin D from sunlight, food and supplements.

An iron-storage protein whose blood level generally reflects the body's iron stores.

Iron circulating in blood at collection, mostly attached to the transport protein transferrin.

The unused iron-binding capacity of transferrin, the protein that carries iron in blood.

Percentage of iron-binding sites occupied, usually calculated from blood iron and total iron-binding capacity.

A vitamin needed for red blood cell formation, nervous-system function and DNA production.

Vitamin B9, needed for making DNA, cell division and red blood cell production.

Estimated capacity of the blood's transferrin protein to bind and carry iron.

A liver-made protein that rises in response to inflammation, measured with conventional or high-sensitivity assays.

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)

A liver-cell enzyme that can enter the blood when those cells are damaged.

An enzyme in the liver, muscles and other tissues that can enter blood when cells are damaged.

An enzyme found especially in the liver, bile ducts and bones.

The bilirubin fraction that reacts directly in the laboratory test; its contents depend on the method.

The combined direct and indirect forms of bilirubin, a waste product from red-cell breakdown.

A calculated comparison of AST and ALT enzyme activity from the same blood sample.

A waste product from normal muscle activity that the kidneys mainly remove from blood.

Nitrogen from urea in blood, a waste product formed when the body breaks down protein.

An estimate of kidney filtration calculated from blood markers such as creatinine or cystatin C.

A calculated comparison of blood urea nitrogen with creatinine from the same collection.

A liver-made blood protein that helps retain fluid and transport other substances.

The combined concentration of albumin and globulins, the main groups of blood proteins.

Amount of prostate-specific antigen used in prostate assessment; it does not diagnose cancer by itself.