Empirical Health Comprehensive Biomarker Testing

A protein carried by certain cholesterol-carrying particles; its amount reflects their total number.

The amount of Lp(a), a cholesterol-carrying particle whose concentration is largely inherited.

The combined amount of cholesterol carried by the major blood lipoprotein groups.

The amount of cholesterol carried inside HDL particles in the blood.

The amount of cholesterol carried inside LDL particles, rather than the number of particles.

Fats circulating in the blood that store energy from food the body does not immediately use.

Calculated by subtracting HDL cholesterol from total cholesterol, capturing cholesterol in the remaining particles.

Calculated ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol, using measurements in the same units.

Calculated comparison of LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol, using amounts in the same units.

A major protein in HDL particles, sometimes compared with ApoB in cholesterol-related assessments.

Calculated comparison of ApoB and ApoA1 protein amounts, rather than a literal particle-count ratio.

Percentage of hemoglobin with sugar attached, reflecting average blood sugar over roughly two to three months.

The amount of glucose, the body's main circulating sugar and an energy source, in blood.

A major electrolyte that helps regulate fluid balance and supports nerve and muscle function.

An electrolyte needed for normal nerve signals, muscle contraction and heart function.

Amount of chloride, one of the blood's major electrolytes, measured in serum or plasma.

A blood chemistry result used to estimate bicarbonate when assessing the body's acid-base balance.

Glucose detected in urine, rather than a measurement of blood sugar.

Ketones detected in urine, usually with a strip that mainly detects acetoacetate.

A pituitary hormone that signals the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.

The main circulating form of vitamin D, reflecting vitamin D from sunlight, food and supplements.

A vitamin needed for red blood cell formation, nervous-system function and DNA production.

Vitamin B9, needed for making DNA, cell division and red blood cell production.

All calcium circulating in blood, including calcium attached to proteins and free calcium.

Iron circulating in blood at collection, mostly attached to the transport protein transferrin.

Estimated capacity of the blood's transferrin protein to bind and carry iron.

Percentage of iron-binding sites occupied, usually calculated from blood iron and total iron-binding capacity.

An iron-storage protein whose blood level generally reflects the body's iron stores.

A liver-made protein that rises in response to inflammation, measured with conventional or high-sensitivity assays.

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)

A liver-cell enzyme that can enter the blood when those cells are damaged.

An enzyme in the liver, muscles and other tissues that can enter blood when cells are damaged.

A calculated comparison of AST and ALT enzyme activity from the same blood sample.

An enzyme found especially in the liver, bile ducts and bones.

The combined direct and indirect forms of bilirubin, a waste product from red-cell breakdown.

Checks for a water-soluble form of bilirubin in urine, distinct from bilirubin measured in blood.

Nitrogen from urea in blood, a waste product formed when the body breaks down protein.

A waste product from normal muscle activity that the kidneys mainly remove from blood.

A calculated comparison of blood urea nitrogen with creatinine from the same collection.

Protein detected or measured in urine; a dipstick mainly detects albumin.

The total number of white blood cells in a given volume of blood.

The number of mature red blood cells in a given volume of blood.

The iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen around the body.

The share of your blood volume occupied by red blood cells.

The number of platelets in a given volume of circulating blood.

The average size of circulating platelets, distinct from how many platelets are present.

The average size of your red blood cells, reported as their volume.

Calculated average amount of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein, in each red blood cell.

The calculated average concentration of hemoglobin within packed red blood cells.

How much red blood cells vary in size, rather than their average size.

White blood cells that play a central role in the body's early immune responses.

Percentage

A group of white blood cells involved in the body's immune responses.

Percentage

White blood cells that help remove damaged cells and microbes and can develop into tissue immune cells.

Percentage

A type of white blood cell, reported as a count or percentage of white cells.

Percentage

White blood cells involved in allergic reactions and inflammatory signaling.

Percentage

Immature neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, reported as a count or percentage.

Percentage

The combined concentration of albumin and globulins, the main groups of blood proteins.

A liver-made blood protein that helps retain fluid and transport other substances.

Calculated amount of non-albumin blood proteins, found by subtracting albumin from total protein.

A calculated comparison of albumin with globulins, two groups of proteins in the blood.

A visual description of how clear or cloudy the urine sample looks.

Bacteria seen or counted in urine under microscopy, distinct from a urine culture result.

Calcium oxalate crystals observed in urine under a microscope, reported by presence or amount.

Cast structures observed in urine sediment, without establishing a particular cast subtype.

The observed color of urine, assessed visually or with a laboratory instrument.

Crystalline material seen in urine under a microscope; this general result does not identify its composition.

Particles called casts containing granular material, observed in urine under a microscope.

Hyaline protein casts seen in urine sediment, reported according to the laboratory’s counting method.

A urine-strip reaction that indirectly checks for white blood cells, rather than counting them directly.

A urine-strip result detecting nitrite formed by some bacteria, rather than directly counting bacteria.

A urine-strip test for heme, which can come from red cells, hemoglobin or muscle pigment.

How acidic or alkaline a urine sample is at the time of testing.

Red blood cells counted in urine, distinct from a dipstick test for blood pigments.

Cells from the kidney tubules seen in urine under microscopy.

Urine density compared with water, providing a time-specific estimate of how concentrated the urine is.

Cells shed from the lining of the bladder and other parts of the urinary tract.

Struvite crystals seen in urine sediment, reported by presence or a method-specific amount.

Uric-acid or urate crystals seen in urine, with the exact crystal type kept distinct.

White blood cells counted directly in urine, distinct from the indirect leukocyte-esterase strip test.

Yeast-like or budding forms seen in urine under microscopy, without identifying the species.

Activated lymphocytes responding to viral infections or immune stimulation.

Cells in urine usually shed from the lower urethra or external genital surfaces.