RETO Health

The combined amount of cholesterol carried by the major blood lipoprotein groups.

Fats circulating in the blood that store energy from food the body does not immediately use.

The amount of cholesterol carried inside HDL particles in the blood.

The amount of cholesterol carried inside LDL particles, rather than the number of particles.

A protein carried by certain cholesterol-carrying particles; its amount reflects their total number.

The amount of glucose, the body's main circulating sugar and an energy source, in blood.

A major electrolyte that helps regulate fluid balance and supports nerve and muscle function.

An electrolyte needed for normal nerve signals, muscle contraction and heart function.

Amount of chloride, one of the blood's major electrolytes, measured in serum or plasma.

A blood chemistry result used to estimate bicarbonate when assessing the body's acid-base balance.

A calculation from blood electrolytes that helps describe the blood's acid-base balance.

A waste product from purine breakdown, assessed in gout and kidney-related testing.

A pancreatic hormone that helps move sugar from blood into cells and regulates energy storage.

Percentage of hemoglobin with sugar attached, reflecting average blood sugar over roughly two to three months.

An estimate of average blood sugar calculated from HbA1c, rather than measured directly.

A pituitary hormone that supports development of eggs in the ovaries and production of sperm.

A pituitary hormone involved in ovulation and sex-hormone production in the ovaries and testes.

A pituitary hormone involved in milk production and reproductive regulation.

A hormone produced after ovulation and during pregnancy, measured at a particular point in time.

The main estrogen during the reproductive years, produced primarily by the ovaries.

A combined estrogen result, mainly estrone and estradiol, reported as one measurement.

An adrenal hormone the body uses to make testosterone and estrogen.

A protein made mainly by the liver that carries testosterone, estradiol and other sex hormones in blood.

All testosterone circulating in blood, including protein-bound and unbound forms.

The portion of testosterone circulating without being attached to blood proteins.

Free plus albumin-bound testosterone, which may be measured or calculated depending on the test.

An adrenal hormone involved in stress response, metabolism, blood pressure and inflammation.

Amount of growth hormone from the pituitary gland circulating in blood.

A circulating growth factor used as an indicator of growth-hormone activity.

A pituitary hormone that signals the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.

The total amount of T4 thyroid hormone in blood, including both protein-bound and free portions.

The unbound portion of T4 thyroid hormone available to tissues, commonly considered alongside TSH.

The portion of thyroid hormone T3 circulating unbound to blood proteins.

Antibodies against an enzyme the thyroid uses to make thyroid hormones.

All calcium circulating in blood, including calcium attached to proteins and free calcium.

A mineral involved in muscle and nerve function, heart rhythm and many enzyme reactions.

Serum

An amino-acid intermediate affected by B vitamins, genetics, kidney function and other factors.

The main circulating form of vitamin D, reflecting vitamin D from sunlight, food and supplements.

A vitamin needed for red blood cell formation, nervous-system function and DNA production.

Vitamin B9, needed for making DNA, cell division and red blood cell production.

An iron-storage protein whose blood level generally reflects the body's iron stores.

Amount of copper in serum or plasma, mostly carried by a protein called ceruloplasmin.

Amount of selenium in serum or plasma, reflecting recent intake and the forms circulating in blood.

A liver-made protein that rises in response to inflammation, measured with conventional or high-sensitivity assays.

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)

A liver-made protein that rises in response to inflammation, measured with conventional or high-sensitivity assays.

How quickly red blood cells settle in a tube, providing a nonspecific signal of inflammation.

The combined direct and indirect forms of bilirubin, a waste product from red-cell breakdown.

The bilirubin fraction that reacts directly in the laboratory test; its contents depend on the method.

An enzyme found especially in the liver, bile ducts and bones.

A liver-cell enzyme that can enter the blood when those cells are damaged.

An enzyme in the liver, muscles and other tissues that can enter blood when cells are damaged.

An enzyme assessed alongside other findings when investigating liver or bile-duct injury.

Nitrogen from urea in blood, a waste product formed when the body breaks down protein.

A waste product from normal muscle activity that the kidneys mainly remove from blood.

A calculated comparison of blood urea nitrogen with creatinine from the same collection.

An estimate of kidney filtration calculated from blood markers such as creatinine or cystatin C.

The total number of white blood cells in a given volume of blood.

The number of mature red blood cells in a given volume of blood.

The iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen around the body.

The share of your blood volume occupied by red blood cells.

The average size of your red blood cells, reported as their volume.

Calculated average amount of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein, in each red blood cell.

The calculated average concentration of hemoglobin within packed red blood cells.

How much red blood cells vary in size, rather than their average size.

The number of platelets in a given volume of circulating blood.

The average size of circulating platelets, distinct from how many platelets are present.

White blood cells that play a central role in the body's early immune responses.

Percentage

A group of white blood cells involved in the body's immune responses.

Percentage

White blood cells that help remove damaged cells and microbes and can develop into tissue immune cells.

Percentage

A type of white blood cell, reported as a count or percentage of white cells.

Percentage

White blood cells involved in allergic reactions and inflammatory signaling.

Percentage

White blood cells that play a central role in the body's early immune responses.

Absolute count

A group of white blood cells involved in the body's immune responses.

Absolute count

White blood cells that help remove damaged cells and microbes and can develop into tissue immune cells.

Absolute count

A type of white blood cell, reported as a count or percentage of white cells.

Absolute count

White blood cells involved in allergic reactions and inflammatory signaling.

Absolute count

The combined concentration of albumin and globulins, the main groups of blood proteins.

A liver-made blood protein that helps retain fluid and transport other substances.

Calculated amount of non-albumin blood proteins, found by subtracting albumin from total protein.

A calculated comparison of albumin with globulins, two groups of proteins in the blood.

Amount of prostate-specific antigen used in prostate assessment; it does not diagnose cancer by itself.

Total arsenic in whole blood, mainly reflecting recent exposure without identifying its source or chemical form.

Total mercury in whole blood, reflecting recent exposure without separating its different chemical forms.

Amount of lead in whole blood, reflecting recent or ongoing exposure.

IgA antibodies that recognize tissue transglutaminase, a specific target in celiac antibody testing.

Antibodies that react with part of IgG antibodies; this result alone does not diagnose rheumatoid arthritis.

An initial check for antibodies that react with material inside cell nuclei.

The total amount of IgA antibodies, rather than antibodies against one particular target.

A combined screen for HIV-1/2 antibodies and the HIV-1 p24 antigen.

Antibodies that react with the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus.

A test detecting the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus.

A screening result for antibodies that recognize the hepatitis C virus.

The activity of an enzyme found in many tissues, rather than a tissue-specific injury measurement.

Time to clot formation under the activated partial-thromboplastin assay conditions.

Serum concentration of the tumor-associated antigen CA-125 (MUC16), used mainly to follow selected ovarian, fallopian-tube and primary-peritoneal cancers.

CEA is a blood concentration of a tumor-associated glycoprotein.

CA 19-9 is an assay-defined tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen used mainly in pancreatic and biliary cancer monitoring.

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is normally high in fetal and early-infant life and then falls to low adult concentrations.