Everlywell

Calculated ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol, using measurements in the same units.

The amount of cholesterol carried inside HDL particles in the blood.

The amount of cholesterol carried inside LDL particles, rather than the number of particles.

Calculated by subtracting HDL cholesterol from total cholesterol, capturing cholesterol in the remaining particles.

The combined amount of cholesterol carried by the major blood lipoprotein groups.

Fats circulating in the blood that store energy from food the body does not immediately use.

The amount of Lp(a), a cholesterol-carrying particle whose concentration is largely inherited.

A blood chemistry result used to estimate bicarbonate when assessing the body's acid-base balance.

Amount of chloride, one of the blood's major electrolytes, measured in serum or plasma.

An electrolyte needed for normal nerve signals, muscle contraction and heart function.

A major electrolyte that helps regulate fluid balance and supports nerve and muscle function.

The amount of glucose, the body's main circulating sugar and an energy source, in blood.

Percentage of hemoglobin with sugar attached, reflecting average blood sugar over roughly two to three months.

A pancreatic hormone that helps move sugar from blood into cells and regulates energy storage.

A waste product from purine breakdown, assessed in gout and kidney-related testing.

Glucose detected in urine, rather than a measurement of blood sugar.

Ketones detected in urine, usually with a strip that mainly detects acetoacetate.

A hormone used as an indicator of the reserve of ovarian follicles.

The main estrogen during the reproductive years, produced primarily by the ovaries.

A pituitary hormone that supports development of eggs in the ovaries and production of sperm.

A pituitary hormone involved in ovulation and sex-hormone production in the ovaries and testes.

An adrenal hormone involved in stress response, metabolism, blood pressure and inflammation.

An adrenal hormone the body uses to make testosterone and estrogen.

All testosterone circulating in blood, including protein-bound and unbound forms.

A pituitary hormone that signals the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.

The unbound portion of T4 thyroid hormone available to tissues, commonly considered alongside TSH.

The portion of thyroid hormone T3 circulating unbound to blood proteins.

Antibodies that recognize thyroglobulin; they can also interfere with measurements of thyroglobulin itself.

Antibodies against an enzyme the thyroid uses to make thyroid hormones.

All calcium circulating in blood, including calcium attached to proteins and free calcium.

A mineral involved in muscle and nerve function, heart rhythm and many enzyme reactions.

Amount of zinc in the tested blood sample; results depend on which blood component is measured.

The main circulating form of vitamin D, reflecting vitamin D from sunlight, food and supplements.

A vitamin needed for red blood cell formation, nervous-system function and DNA production.

An iron-storage protein whose blood level generally reflects the body's iron stores.

Iron circulating in blood at collection, mostly attached to the transport protein transferrin.

Percentage of iron-binding sites occupied, usually calculated from blood iron and total iron-binding capacity.

Estimated capacity of the blood's transferrin protein to bind and carry iron.

An amino-acid intermediate affected by B vitamins, genetics, kidney function and other factors.

A liver-made protein that rises in response to inflammation, measured with conventional or high-sensitivity assays.

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)

A liver-cell enzyme that can enter the blood when those cells are damaged.

An enzyme in the liver, muscles and other tissues that can enter blood when cells are damaged.

An enzyme found especially in the liver, bile ducts and bones.

An enzyme assessed alongside other findings when investigating liver or bile-duct injury.

The combined direct and indirect forms of bilirubin, a waste product from red-cell breakdown.

Checks for a water-soluble form of bilirubin in urine, distinct from bilirubin measured in blood.

Nitrogen from urea in blood, a waste product formed when the body breaks down protein.

Protein detected or measured in urine; a dipstick mainly detects albumin.

A calculated comparison of blood urea nitrogen with creatinine from the same collection.

A waste product from normal muscle activity that the kidneys mainly remove from blood.

An estimate of kidney filtration calculated from blood markers such as creatinine or cystatin C.

The total number of white blood cells in a given volume of blood.

White blood cells involved in allergic reactions and inflammatory signaling.

Percentage · Absolute count

A type of white blood cell, reported as a count or percentage of white cells.

Percentage · Absolute count

A group of white blood cells involved in the body's immune responses.

Percentage · Absolute count

White blood cells that help remove damaged cells and microbes and can develop into tissue immune cells.

Percentage · Absolute count

White blood cells that play a central role in the body's early immune responses.

Percentage · Absolute count

The share of your blood volume occupied by red blood cells.

The iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen around the body.

Calculated average amount of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein, in each red blood cell.

The calculated average concentration of hemoglobin within packed red blood cells.

The average size of your red blood cells, reported as their volume.

The average size of circulating platelets, distinct from how many platelets are present.

The number of platelets in a given volume of circulating blood.

The number of mature red blood cells in a given volume of blood.

How much red blood cells vary in size, rather than their average size.

The combined concentration of albumin and globulins, the main groups of blood proteins.

A liver-made blood protein that helps retain fluid and transport other substances.

Calculated amount of non-albumin blood proteins, found by subtracting albumin from total protein.

A calculated comparison of albumin with globulins, two groups of proteins in the blood.

Calculated percentage of total prostate-specific antigen that is unbound, using paired free and total PSA results.

The amount of PSA circulating unbound in blood, distinct from percent-free PSA.

Amount of prostate-specific antigen used in prostate assessment; it does not diagnose cancer by itself.

A visual description of how clear or cloudy the urine sample looks.

Bacteria seen or counted in urine under microscopy, distinct from a urine culture result.

The observed color of urine, assessed visually or with a laboratory instrument.

Hyaline protein casts seen in urine sediment, reported according to the laboratory’s counting method.

A urine-strip result detecting nitrite formed by some bacteria, rather than directly counting bacteria.

A urine-strip test for heme, which can come from red cells, hemoglobin or muscle pigment.

How acidic or alkaline a urine sample is at the time of testing.

Red blood cells counted in urine, distinct from a dipstick test for blood pigments.

Urine density compared with water, providing a time-specific estimate of how concentrated the urine is.

White blood cells counted directly in urine, distinct from the indirect leukocyte-esterase strip test.

An initial check for antibodies that react with material inside cell nuclei.

Cells in urine usually shed from the lower urethra or external genital surfaces.