Private MD Labs

Calculated ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol, using measurements in the same units.

The amount of cholesterol carried inside LDL particles, rather than the number of particles.

Fats circulating in the blood that store energy from food the body does not immediately use.

The amount of cholesterol carried inside HDL particles in the blood.

The combined amount of cholesterol carried by the major blood lipoprotein groups.

Calculated by subtracting HDL cholesterol from total cholesterol, capturing cholesterol in the remaining particles.

Ketones detected in urine, usually with a strip that mainly detects acetoacetate.

Glucose detected in urine, rather than a measurement of blood sugar.

Amount of chloride, one of the blood's major electrolytes, measured in serum or plasma.

An electrolyte needed for normal nerve signals, muscle contraction and heart function.

A major electrolyte that helps regulate fluid balance and supports nerve and muscle function.

A blood chemistry result used to estimate bicarbonate when assessing the body's acid-base balance.

The amount of glucose, the body's main circulating sugar and an energy source, in blood.

Fasting

Percentage of hemoglobin with sugar attached, reflecting average blood sugar over roughly two to three months.

A pancreatic hormone that helps move sugar from blood into cells and regulates energy storage.

Fasting

An indirect estimate of free T4 calculated from total T4 and a hormone-binding measurement.

The total amount of T4 thyroid hormone in blood, including both protein-bound and free portions.

An indirect estimate of available thyroid-hormone binding sites, rather than a measurement of T3 hormone.

A pituitary hormone that signals the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.

All calcium circulating in blood, including calcium attached to proteins and free calcium.

Amount of inorganic phosphate circulating in blood, rather than dietary intake or total body phosphorus.

Estimated capacity of the blood's transferrin protein to bind and carry iron.

Percentage of iron-binding sites occupied, usually calculated from blood iron and total iron-binding capacity.

Iron circulating in blood at collection, mostly attached to the transport protein transferrin.

The main circulating form of vitamin D, reflecting vitamin D from sunlight, food and supplements.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D3

The main circulating form of vitamin D, reflecting vitamin D from sunlight, food and supplements.

Concentration

The main circulating form of vitamin D, reflecting vitamin D from sunlight, food and supplements.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D2

An iron-storage protein whose blood level generally reflects the body's iron stores.

A vitamin needed for red blood cell formation, nervous-system function and DNA production.

A liver-made protein that rises in response to inflammation, measured with conventional or high-sensitivity assays.

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)

Checks for a water-soluble form of bilirubin in urine, distinct from bilirubin measured in blood.

A liver-cell enzyme that can enter the blood when those cells are damaged.

An enzyme in the liver, muscles and other tissues that can enter blood when cells are damaged.

An enzyme found especially in the liver, bile ducts and bones.

The combined direct and indirect forms of bilirubin, a waste product from red-cell breakdown.

Estimated unconjugated bilirubin, commonly calculated as total bilirubin minus direct bilirubin.

The bilirubin fraction that reacts directly in the laboratory test; its contents depend on the method.

Protein detected or measured in urine; a dipstick mainly detects albumin.

A calculated comparison of blood urea nitrogen with creatinine from the same collection.

A waste product from normal muscle activity that the kidneys mainly remove from blood.

Nitrogen from urea in blood, a waste product formed when the body breaks down protein.

An estimate of kidney filtration calculated from blood markers such as creatinine or cystatin C.

An immature stage of white blood cells, reported as a count or percentage in blood.

Absolute count

The total number of white blood cells in a given volume of blood.

The number of mature red blood cells in a given volume of blood.

The iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen around the body.

The share of your blood volume occupied by red blood cells.

The average size of your red blood cells, reported as their volume.

Calculated average amount of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein, in each red blood cell.

The calculated average concentration of hemoglobin within packed red blood cells.

How much red blood cells vary in size, rather than their average size.

The number of platelets in a given volume of circulating blood.

The average size of circulating platelets, distinct from how many platelets are present.

White blood cells that play a central role in the body's early immune responses.

Absolute count

Immature white blood cells reported separately as a count or percentage in blood.

Absolute count

An immature white blood cell type reported separately as a count or percentage in blood.

Absolute count

A group of white blood cells involved in the body's immune responses.

Absolute count

White blood cells that help remove damaged cells and microbes and can develop into tissue immune cells.

Absolute count

A type of white blood cell, reported as a count or percentage of white cells.

Absolute count

White blood cells involved in allergic reactions and inflammatory signaling.

Absolute count

Very immature blood-forming cells reported in circulating blood, rather than a bone-marrow result.

Absolute count

White blood cells that play a central role in the body's early immune responses.

Immature white blood cells reported separately as a count or percentage in blood.

An immature white blood cell type reported separately as a count or percentage in blood.

An immature stage of white blood cells, reported as a count or percentage in blood.

A group of white blood cells involved in the body's immune responses.

White blood cells that help remove damaged cells and microbes and can develop into tissue immune cells.

A type of white blood cell, reported as a count or percentage of white cells.

White blood cells involved in allergic reactions and inflammatory signaling.

Very immature blood-forming cells reported in circulating blood, rather than a bone-marrow result.

Count of mature, segmented neutrophils identified manually in blood, separate from band neutrophils.

A calculated comparison of albumin with globulins, two groups of proteins in the blood.

Calculated amount of non-albumin blood proteins, found by subtracting albumin from total protein.

A liver-made blood protein that helps retain fluid and transport other substances.

The combined concentration of albumin and globulins, the main groups of blood proteins.

Red blood cells counted in urine, distinct from a dipstick test for blood pigments.

Cells shed from the lining of the bladder and other parts of the urinary tract.

Cells from the kidney tubules seen in urine under microscopy.

Bacteria seen or counted in urine under microscopy, distinct from a urine culture result.

Calcium oxalate crystals observed in urine under a microscope, reported by presence or amount.

A urine-strip test for heme, which can come from red cells, hemoglobin or muscle pigment.

A urine-strip result detecting nitrite formed by some bacteria, rather than directly counting bacteria.

A urine-strip reaction that indirectly checks for white blood cells, rather than counting them directly.

White blood cells counted directly in urine, distinct from the indirect leukocyte-esterase strip test.

How acidic or alkaline a urine sample is at the time of testing.

Urine density compared with water, providing a time-specific estimate of how concentrated the urine is.

A visual description of how clear or cloudy the urine sample looks.

The observed color of urine, assessed visually or with a laboratory instrument.

Crystalline material seen in urine under a microscope; this general result does not identify its composition.

Fine particles in urine without a distinct crystal shape, often made of urates or phosphates.

Uric-acid or urate crystals seen in urine, with the exact crystal type kept distinct.

Yeast-like or budding forms seen in urine under microscopy, without identifying the species.

Cast structures observed in urine sediment, without establishing a particular cast subtype.

Particles called casts containing granular material, observed in urine under a microscope.

Hyaline protein casts seen in urine sediment, reported according to the laboratory’s counting method.

Struvite crystals seen in urine sediment, reported by presence or a method-specific amount.

Cells in urine usually shed from the lower urethra or external genital surfaces.